This statue of the god Ganesh (decorated for evening worship) comes from the Mahakaleshvar temple in the city of Ujjain. The temple's primary deity is Mahakaleshvar, a form of Shiva (see the section on Shiva), but virtually all Hindu tmeples have images of other gods and goddesses as well. Ganesh is the "lord of obstacles" (both giving them and taking them away) and in this capacity is always supposed to come first (in worship or in mention, as here). 

This is an image of Ganesh which was standing outside the temple to the Goddess Parvati in Baijnath (in the Kumaun hills of Uttar Pradesh).  Note the red vermillion on the forehead.  This image was freestanding, and had been placed on one side of the temple's doorway (Ganesh often plays the function of guarding the doorway or the threshold); because the image was free- standing it is difficult to judge the age of the image.

Here's a fresco of Ganesh (right) and Bhairava (left), painted on the wall of a pilgrim rest house in Haridwar. The building was built in 1923 (and by January 2005 these had been painted over, and lost forever).